1. Commodities are the physical products with the carrying cost.
2. Most exchange-traded derivatives are made up of commodity derivatives, and their returns are based on price changes.
3. The commodity derivatives include futures, options, and swaps.
4. The commodity indices generally use futures instead of spot prices and differ in terms of commodities included.
5. The other commodity investment vehicles are:
a. Exchange-traded funds,
b. Common stocks of commodity producers and users,
c. Managed futures (these are the actively managed investment funds, generally set up as a partnership, and trades in futures contracts),
d. Individual managed accounts,
e. Commodity funds (including private partnerships and mutual funds).
6. The commodities too, have a low correlation with the other asset classes, thus provide diversification benefits.
7. The commodities provide a potential hedge against inflation.
8. The commodity prices are hugely dependent upon the supply and demands in the spot market.
The supply is dependent upon the production, lead times, external events, and inventory levels.
The demand is highly growth-related.
To understand the movement of prices of the commodity, we need to understand the demand and supply characteristics of the physical products.
1. Sources of Return
a. Roll Yield. It is the return that is earned by the investor as the futures prices converge with the spot price over a period of time.
b. Collateral Yield. It is the interest earned on the collateral posted as a security deposit.
c. Spot Price. Changes in the spot price are also an important source of return for commodities.